ECONOMIC CHANGE & SOCIAL INEQUALITIES
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The Specification - 1.3.3 Changes over time in the economic characteristics of places and 1.3.4 Economic change and social inequalities in deindustrialised urban places.

  • Economic change in places over time can lead to structural changes in employment shown by the Clark Fisher Model. (1.3.3)
  • External forces and factors influencing economic restructuring including changing technology and lifestyles, government strategy and globalisation. (1.3.3)
  • Examples of the decline in primary employment in rural areas and in secondary employment in urban places, using the home area where possible and the way in which these changes affect the learners' own lives and the lives of others. (1.3.3)

  • Consequences of the loss of traditional industries in urban areas including the cycle of deprivation, social exclusion, and lower pollution levels. (1.3.4)
  • Consequences of loss of secondary industries in urban areas including unemployment. (1.3.4)
  • Government policies in deindustrialised places including re- training, economic (local to global), environmental policies and stimulating tertiary growth and investment by foreign MNCs. (1.3.4)​
Redcar Steel works - x
Has Social Inequality Changed? - x
In 2016, Tata Steel, the Indian-owned steel-maker announced 1.050 redundancies in the UK. The company employed 6,000 in Wales (4,000 in Port Talbot, where 1 in 4 people work in the steel industry) and 750 of these jobs being declared redundant. Other Tata sites are in Llanwern (Newport), Llanelli, Shotton and Trostre. It has been estimated that the wages of Tata employees bring in £200 million to the Welsh economy. What are the effects of such announcements on the surrounding places?
There are many effects on places if a local industry goes into decline. These range from an increase in direct and secondary unemployment, a decline people health and well-being, multiple deprivation, social exclusion, migration, decline in house prices and pollution levels.
Over to You - Central Tendancey / Standard Deviation - 
Over to You - Spearmans rank -